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一、单选题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。） V 1. () refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
& b- x' [( \# c. v% g5 BA. Synonymy
. G2 s/ v; H/ r! U, `! X2 z* MB. Polysemy/ r* q G$ j2 J" b/ ]5 Y
C. Homonymy
, a! @0 A: a; ]3 C/ E% ?6 XD. Antonymy
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2. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
& U) n2 ~5 N' d3 rA. Nouns# L9 Z! M* K' o" k4 s
B. Adjectives
9 M! x' u* j' k& ?2 |C. Verbs
* j, c" P! I* K1 U2 YD. Deictics
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3. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings., r Z- d# @: \0 w- y# o
A. Phonetics4 e" x6 ]) N# e# J
B. Phonology$ ], ~, I# e3 P* H4 ^3 H; \8 o
C. Morphology
6 T ^( @: u8 U# n- c' ]) e( V( kD. Dialectology' a E ?! I7 u- l1 W
6 ~7 K* `! V/ a' b
4. 'Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
3 \8 e3 n9 f5 B- K# hA. function
, e9 K9 s7 D" M; h1 Z& y4 f c& ]* hB. design features
# Q. w6 f7 c) [) Z) BC. importance; b) X1 S- [& x
D. performance: ?. @0 T/ b8 T/ R, \% t6 k
8 r( o" n, ~, X1 O5. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.
2 y$ `# c- ~, V7 b! r+ Z, W& L2 ]% \A. Pragmatics
6 \) K% b' |4 x1 [$ }B. Phonology$ l$ _# M0 b/ n
C. Dialectology
# T/ i5 [- R6 j( r1 s2 _& t( p# vD. Psycholinguistics3 D$ L+ V; i p( Q8 x0 I6 Q" R y
2 g9 P; Q1 D+ A
6. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
/ W( }( i9 M, i* h+ \& xA. phonetically
0 Y& |% p/ n6 Q t* b, Y: \B. phonologically
& m( O) P" s- {# X' r7 m: HC. sound
) d; L5 I3 c6 M( i. d1 q$ wD. seem
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$ ? ~7 N% m$ y4 t' d7. Which of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?& z1 K" }; _$ m$ @1 }
A. Phonetics+ \. h! ]7 `/ S+ t6 h
B. Phonology
8 ^8 F. F, H' P" U! PC. Morphology
$ I' \. m$ `( ZD. Dialectology/ m6 G& }1 B i1 _2 m' X
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8. ( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.2 `7 e1 E2 _& O, T$ n
A. Functional$ Q3 m& S* M& m2 F
B. Lexical
" V4 X7 R$ G: V* s/ v$ Q+ oC. Grammatical
0 I: ]+ G' d8 K6 A* g0 V8 P' lD. Performative
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9. According to ( ), language determines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.
. t% e" `3 | _' K: x% h7 R3 iA. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
9 N$ v2 ]; i/ l8 qB. Positivist theory. G3 b$ h7 P( b- E' ?6 q- B6 j8 i1 K
C. Use theory/ W k4 _3 s1 j7 s; o' z8 [& A
D. Speech Acts theory- o8 u* b2 ]/ U$ y2 B$ F' _9 O
: ]9 g) D. f* H/ v+ w10. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and production.) F. ]) T+ i i, i
A. Pragmatics
7 ]0 ~6 M3 P- LB. Phonology
4 e" b! e" a7 uC. Dialectology' |. R8 W$ T5 L% ^6 o8 C/ v1 L6 Z: S
D. Psycholinguistics2 q& }6 G" \3 [ J: {
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11. The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language2 p2 |+ n7 Y D- t! j: C9 Q
A. illocutionary act
! c- d0 l R' D9 P% ?5 }B. locutionary act
! l. P6 Z8 B4 l5 e0 b8 W) NC. perlocutionary act
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5 s3 ?1 A& ]5 O E$ ^12. 'Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).7 J8 L$ E; \3 f8 U9 d$ q5 _1 x) I
A. Arbitrariness4 { N# o- O! i4 p* n9 Y* B3 b! |+ ~
B. Genetic-cultural transmission/ s% F; ], Y! u2 c4 L$ e
C. Non-arbitrariness
# p0 q* P7 w( w! I1 W) @% hD. Duality6 j: M% Z6 e: m/ e% q
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13. ( ) reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.& J1 ?3 B; G& r" X3 j5 j/ o% A
A. Exophoric |, s$ N1 {! n E9 _
B. Anaphoric5 d! B: @- h& b8 E( o7 ~# |
C. Endophoric
2 c: e2 m; D1 U6 B% YD. Cataphoric" s8 p3 W" N' \4 E1 s% c$ V- C' }2 Z9 L) L
# k" u( q' w. ]3 k1 O% ~14. Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?
6 J( d- A! L, w$ ~A. Phonetics* l5 y0 n7 ^; j5 Q2 X
B. Phonology9 H. ^3 Q8 D% v {2 X. d
C. Morphology G9 u4 _% u+ B5 {+ C3 Y7 y) s
D. Dialectology
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15. （ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.- X# T" {3 @. m
A. Allomorph
" [% q! c; k- K4 [5 xB. Word8 H, Z7 B1 l" S( e+ Q; O
C. Segment
; Q$ H: L7 _4 lD. Morph& K, z# ]; ^9 n7 h* p
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16. ( ) is the scie nce that studies sounds
% ?' P4 s4 @$ R3 k' mA. Phonetics
) D# t' ]* O, Z0 b! bB. Phonology
! M6 S3 m1 N3 v9 C+ [: h, `0 w: pC. Morphology3 |+ ?0 [3 U" ]: ]# R
D. Dialectology
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17. A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.. j$ O& B2 I- v
A. perfomation3 p. |- [- Z, A. U! G* A, ~
B. feature: A1 v. v, C. q, u) M
C. distinctive feature
$ |0 p2 `2 r. F% l( |. u2 T1 A- X# {D. function8 F6 U3 N7 n2 _% ^% Q" ]
& Y* J9 N7 v9 N9 s( e9 r' y18. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language, K0 b/ Z% k! v
A. Phoneme8 ^1 e( ?4 Y% `) ]3 _% _- l
B. Stress1 @5 g4 W* k; M
C. Tempo
+ m4 R L+ H% ^+ T* RD. Morpheme
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; B4 l8 q3 Z% K" Z! Y19. The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
0 o2 ^# {8 w+ F0 h/ Y* R' lA. Noam Chomsky
( v4 a; t, L+ f' m; K1 P1 t; F* J2 OB. Jacobson0 y$ x1 T6 }2 r) G
C. Haliday
0 Z& A/ O+ q- d1 B' J: k# O) {( RD. Nida! q# c! h* z) s# ]6 c
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20. ( ) refers to the speed of speech.
6 U- ^* M. }% g5 TA. Loudness" F& M3 U1 J+ }3 P- h; J
B. Stress
1 f( J1 g/ l2 Q. y2 m- R6 {& h+ b; [C. Tempo
, B: v! }' Q3 R! ?1 }0 gD. Tone4 X0 j8 z/ f" m3 b# r5 E5 C. d
- ]; ]" g" n6 c$ E! Z! p21. ( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
L, C/ F, {, LA. Pragmatics
, }9 L+ J7 G3 z" ^6 \8 Z/ ~B. Discourse analysis N8 ^+ d; E/ E8 ^6 z+ j- L
C. Dialectology
! q4 J. S0 ?+ n9 DD. Morphology
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- c# {3 `$ f9 L) ?! D3 O# B22. ( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
4 N I4 G- _' ~& @& d! d; g! g; ~A. Pragmatics
9 q5 ^& }8 Z3 U' i) f7 |7 UB. Discourse analysis0 A: L9 @3 Z* @" f3 O# u( d2 l
C. Dialectology
- i& Y0 T# N2 I7 r8 I. Q) r& CD. Morphology+ S/ d! ?! j- X J# y
7 b2 l' s: t. n G23. ( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is depe ndent on its social contexts.1 k' \( K( p7 T! L
A. Pragmatics
0 T3 I3 k7 o6 P+ ]4 `0 SB. Phonology
% E6 t$ q. e$ f+ k0 \C. Dialectology
7 |. d3 C: a! r! U5 _# w$ f$ q, gD. Morphology
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2 N# P* _5 d% U; |' {24. 'The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
/ C, H+ Y3 t8 _2 m# y: I# I5 c8 S5 t0 hA. illocutionary act
" f! e. k. N `9 @$ R$ jB. locutionary act
. a ~9 k$ g/ g9 pC. perlocutionary act6 [6 g6 Y6 r5 @' J/ a
- I: x% q- }8 h# l% @$ A, r; j4 O25. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit., D7 S& z! U X0 s
A. pre-head7 a0 Q" A4 q8 Q2 x1 ^
B. head, m' T4 \/ h8 d" w. Q
C. nuclear tail
2 t8 P) M; Q3 [6 O8 }D. nucleus; x* r5 f4 g" q7 W$ Z
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7 r0 ?1 U+ _( @ k) H 二、判断题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。） V 1. Diphthong is treated as two vowels .8 k/ o2 f: L4 p% n+ [, ?
A. 错误' F2 L2 P; g1 |
B. 正确( E2 x9 q8 z1 J
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2. 'Language is entirely arbitrary.1 ^, Q1 A7 M$ V7 Z0 g! v9 F
A. 错误
+ V7 {* c1 P" _0 q% [B. 正确
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5 s% l# s* M7 g* s" t& e$ P* F; W$ L4 E3. 'English is a tone language.' `: L( Y( C* k- A% d2 d0 w8 j, L* K/ O
A. 错误
* F6 I/ q3 p3 \$ z5 Y( O+ C4 }B. 正确
9 a( \$ G8 d+ f' E/ x8 o5 @3 T! P: }) V; a
4. Stress refers to the feature that is determined solely by the amplitude of the vibration of the sound-wave.
( C S, U, g4 W# _' P$ B) pA. 错误
$ p$ M, C1 j1 m# ^B. 正确
0 s: [6 {! J/ z& w1 Z/ X# n$ d ?8 _) n7 @+ X) {+ u# E. x* R! A- x
5. Duality is a concretisation of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.4 S! E$ W4 N v
A. 错误
9 o. B: b% p9 e, z. ]) x _) xB. 正确" E2 [1 P( `6 ]
+ T; F! i6 c; [$ o1 x6. Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.- I& K. I0 K/ y6 i% }" k- K
A. 错误
6 ~8 b p4 }: `; _4 j9 x2 {B. 正确9 t. V; r9 D" g) E, o! ~& u0 Y$ D
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7. 'Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds
2 A: c+ s. [8 d# w: Y TA. 错误
1 m/ ~) x9 o O# f3 P0 SB. 正确
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8. 'The position of the nucleus in a tone-unit is usually dependent on the intention that the speaker has in mind for the utterance .
2 a; A9 y3 a* L0 [* pA. 错误
5 C! e) R- F+ ?3 w! Q! QB. 正确
s9 T- f* ]* ]- N0 v' S3 c( \, N; U" c/ ?' d
9. Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in so, k5 V! H+ r, r$ g) h/ k. F
A. 错误
! W0 Z& @9 R' n$ qB. 正确! `+ {4 L O5 i v* C& T
. f0 n" D9 S- _: ~2 `10. English is a tone language.
! U" K6 c* A [' m) jA. 错误! I" H0 C2 W2 `
B. 正确
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+ [/ k. L6 j$ Q$ {# v3 X' F! O11. Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds
$ s2 R- F- b4 S" B2 L0 j1 a+ O4 [7 lA. 错误: X1 | L* B& Q
B. 正确- L4 ~8 R+ j4 R' n" D
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12. Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in- h0 [6 I$ u( w4 x. @7 H
A. 错误: |, L4 K# H0 x3 w
B. 正确
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, K9 r4 Y* Z4 k- q1 [0 d1 F13. 'The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
7 K( t; n0 {7 J. I$ q/ g: BA. 错误' x z7 S$ [% D% [
B. 正确5 w5 Z" |% l1 z; }' w
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14. The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.# _6 ] g+ Z0 v1 a$ B0 \) D& |
A. 错误
& C( R# \5 E' {+ s) GB. 正确
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15. 'Transformation rules don't have to follow a set order., K2 [/ ^7 j+ K0 n6 g) S$ p; `" ]
A. 错误
8 E7 g6 I |, Q" nB. 正确
+ J1 O$ T: J3 E- [+ r& y( R; L7 U1 A; d0 s0 v$ j
16. Distinctive feature theories use the same set of distinctive features for classifying both consonants and vowels.0 C/ E5 [, o: Q1 Z* J
A. 错误' @6 k1 P8 a, M/ `" J. r. R# T
B. 正确
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4 `$ g9 p% q" B1 M9 `! _/ s* M17. Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.
3 h7 j' k& v1 b2 ?A. 错误
9 U( a0 d ~( A/ @B. 正确( v/ w7 T! P, \/ a# ~6 H' D% l2 e
4 q" q0 S; m( I+ i" V5 w
18. 'Lingua franca was originally used in Mediterranean commerce in the Middle Ages.% S. i) n- E7 ~1 E0 r3 Q! w( \) S
A. 错误0 O2 [3 u" w+ S: P4 f& V
B. 正确
" ^4 T, U2 s0 b! v& o6 b
/ C% k) V* ?& r& ]* u+ ~19. An inflectional morpheme does not change the grammatical class of the word., K, |2 A4 e- w4 L2 S5 V8 b! r
A. 错误7 e: `4 |; i/ Z9 G4 ]
B. 正确1 v4 h" _" U- u2 ?4 R! A
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20. Phonemics intends to find out the sound system functioning in individual languages .
* @7 N, _% x/ l4 ?0 l. m* p5 BA. 错误, d7 B/ r+ `: P; `
B. 正确
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! r8 V5 M: A2 ~% M9 A& U21. Different language make use of the same set of speech sounds.
1 V+ m- X, F2 V# l& m8 h) ]# ]' FA. 错误* n, C* u6 Z+ H8 R0 w8 n& |
B. 正确
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22. 'Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.; P. t; s$ e8 l+ s4 I
A. 错误0 v% B7 M) j3 I# x4 J3 Q! o5 a
B. 正确 \+ F% @6 ]+ f) N9 g) i3 r% F
$ |5 ]0 S. p# t! m+ H9 K23. The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions.
6 C( b* a. m, j) @- _8 kA. 错误
4 h0 _3 g' @& c& l& jB. 正确# T) v% o {( M! K2 {9 K
2 l; j% \. {# a4 D8 _; v2 p
24. Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physical point of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.( e5 {$ Z0 W2 B- d: \0 U
A. 错误4 s# ] S3 V* D/ D! M
B. 正确0 l: `2 h$ S2 C% e: Z( _
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25. Discourse analysis is more concerned with conventional implicatures than conversational ones.
8 _ y) u* n! p/ ZA. 错误
3 [1 \5 k7 ~7 wB. 正确 E; o- n$ r0 D0 j
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