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一、单选题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。）V 1. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language., O) m% G5 A4 H
A. Phonetics& Y3 s: h1 a5 ^1 L; ]+ \2 V8 O" v
B. Phonology$ [6 i% G: W" I( ~9 e, p& _- ^
C. Morphology
" O) {3 W) l3 r( N; PD. Dialectology
M& R( z" q. _/ I1 U 满分：2 分
8 h- G8 E$ M* O* k; _2. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.) `' q6 H* w' K! {6 _9 f; Q
A. pre-head
. o+ Y1 f* P2 c( v X& rB. head8 e8 O8 V$ S& ?6 S
C. nuclear tail
8 }+ E! D [3 j- X( ~! @8 ^D. nucleus* g0 f3 ]) d) q7 j1 `
满分：2 分# Y# E8 J! j3 ?0 _7 k# U X& ~
3. ( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.4 F0 B& C) x/ C: k- D* P
A. Accent0 u" Y+ b/ `- E' s1 p+ ~. B, |: X
B. Dialect, l# r7 H+ X& v p% T4 o
C. Sentence( {8 o, p4 S3 |- ?8 P+ h) t6 C
D. Utterance9 D7 k3 V, Q& b% N0 U8 s+ g1 R
满分：2 分
1 P. M/ [+ x* {4 ?, j) T9 s4. '( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.* r' K, P% F* \
A. Loudness) N. H, a6 a. ^# v- F
B. Rhythm8 o6 A% i* M6 G' K
C. Tempo
7 D. U& W' K& n3 M; Y: sD. Tone) j3 @5 o6 Q, ]: S
满分：2 分! B& n1 [+ F* j; Z3 P$ ?
5. ( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
- o+ I" \ ~7 {( @3 xA. Mouth: j& u$ m4 K4 t2 I( a- z3 p
B. Heart* S/ j6 i g4 f
C. Nose( t" j3 L* A4 ^
D. Lung- X k1 N0 ]9 Q
满分：2 分% T2 s% \8 M0 g& `5 h0 R
6. 'Collocation (p. 261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other0 \7 c4 b, T5 X
A. Collocation
2 V" u S! G, c; H: h3 p$ ZB. Reiteration
& c, f h" ]8 VC. Lexical cohesion6 n3 k3 }5 k7 J. o
D. Coherence) y3 H5 _* L4 i: g# v
满分：2 分- Y! C* ~; p. j% c- m, O* _0 k
7. '( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.) R2 x+ l4 K* U7 j# l- {
A. Synonymy! l# m8 D, T9 b
B. Polysemy9 L& ~5 ~8 e6 k% `
C. Homonymy* q! f9 U6 R/ [. Q1 D
D. Antonymy; D& f& h5 R3 k$ Q# w6 b' U
满分：2 分2 w/ k6 q4 T4 c" a
8. Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).: w1 F J* `. J! L6 Q
A. perfomation f' H% c/ K# E1 w/ b1 G2 x
B. feature
' t: R4 W# a# A: a8 BC. function
% w$ E, U v6 R" [4 b _0 n( LD. distinctive feature2 v( v; r) d, w$ }! x8 _5 Z
满分：2 分
5 x/ W/ ]6 R2 q9. ( ) refers to the speed of speech.+ V7 y9 t5 \8 h
A. Loudness
+ j/ G$ z7 w C hB. Stress
8 R8 X4 K4 V$ G7 @7 i0 sC. Tempo& [0 m" T! w4 K5 G
D. Tone
; [8 S, ^4 @3 _, z5 L/ ?# F# L 满分：2 分4 G9 W/ B5 A# y( F% `8 r, _3 |
10. ( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is depe ndent on its social contexts.8 Q4 ]# X3 ]: s+ `1 w. x
A. Pragmatics
: z8 D* K/ J4 TB. Phonology
\, }# g6 l* ~. U: D- ^) YC. Dialectology- j9 |8 U$ a3 \- J& {; [3 Q
D. Morphology
* |9 W B0 ~8 O9 n 满分：2 分
1 l/ @& L# Q# l0 K; H* g11. <font face="Arial">（ ） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .</font>. Y$ Q8 C3 j. H# j
A. Phonetics
3 p! [% A2 A) L6 TB. Phonology( F2 D( d& ~2 R
C. Morphology
* p0 e3 ?1 r8 e0 K, {D. Syntax: c6 y" ^) `3 e3 K6 y, i
满分：2 分
) S* k; c) g" b' D12. ( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.
. `2 \- N* i. v3 \; mA. Lexical meaning. E8 t% Q& N3 Q# S9 u+ `5 y/ ~- b
B. Sentential meaning& b* X: U$ q e
C. Utterance meaning
3 N" f, {% @9 T& D9 G' ?0 J7 zD. Literal meaning
; h% l! C( Z( r1 c; H U7 | 满分：2 分
+ `- r6 Y+ S/ X% ^+ E9 b6 Y$ H13. ( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
. _+ B( X$ c; Q- _2 }1 o$ cA. Arbitrariness
0 I* I0 v$ U! \7 oB. Genetic-cultural transmission
/ b: T4 m9 p' J# n4 j+ b6 lC. Non-arbitrariness: ]# K u5 L+ h2 z! }' _! G
D. Duality3 c; ?( [ ]2 g$ F# _* W1 p2 a. l
满分：2 分" I. x# B- B- s; `0 G3 ]. q
14. ( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
) U/ O+ M! b! Z, W2 D) R2 L2 \A. register$ |1 z: t1 o) s) i4 s0 `! }' T
B. Style
b' z# f4 v* f- V8 k$ A7 t6 wC. genre
5 ?# O9 F# x9 q2 LD. Form
* O" R( F: R5 x2 L& X+ R4 D4 f 满分：2 分: Z# u& j; r2 m- G! _0 n
15. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language
; z+ }( e3 j: l: ?+ w6 |$ n8 ZA. Phoneme
. ~8 r1 m3 y) b8 sB. Stress
7 q- k _4 q; L& G! v) S! p8 H3 MC. Tempo
% m/ f3 j1 u& @, D: nD. Morpheme
& O" r; @+ r5 e 满分：2 分
" t% S! g3 G4 j$ ~) c3 s% z) F0 I" u( z16. Which h of the following disciplines doen't belong to micro-linguistics?& s' N! |. Z4 j. i' u
A. Phonetics
" D" @6 s% e0 y& ^1 {2 ?* XB. Phonology" |) n( t* V* Q) n( r, Z8 g
C. Morphology5 P1 y5 {5 V& Z' ^8 C& D; l& P
D. Dialectology9 s/ Q; ?$ P. x0 L" |
满分：2 分/ U+ X3 n1 K2 ]2 e5 Z0 l
17. 'Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
. ]3 Y9 a, x y$ U3 J& `" _A. function
, x$ D, g0 p$ |) M' G4 K! LB. design features# T& V1 R$ K; q) { T {
C. importance
" x6 L- {% d/ Q' e1 BD. performance2 p* O. r+ w9 ~/ O3 h) i
满分：2 分# A2 w% B) _4 i7 v/ V; K' m/ `
18. ( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.2 m7 B* D' Q& y: K$ {: i( \
A. Functional
1 T( b E' H, g. ~' `( SB. Lexical- S0 |+ j0 }% {' z% ]! d+ T, E
C. Grammatical
: `2 Z/ K9 n- m# J- h( q+ v9 LD. Performative
& E, R$ h. F; F! V. ` 满分：2 分
8 S$ ?! `" p G9 |& C19. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
: ] H/ M$ _/ z8 n% v* MA. Word5 o7 N6 v% p* }9 c' C
B. Sentence! p. T1 O% P. W" J" B
C. Utterance) R8 G7 b* |: h+ u: Z
D. Morpheme2 @: R5 s$ R) O0 B' ~
满分：2 分
3 K3 \5 ]) U' d' a5 X20. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.5 ~% x, D; \8 l3 u! A* {
A. Nouns( S) u5 I1 [; N7 M. R
B. Adjectives
* E& j2 @" d7 N% h% n GC. Verbs/ h1 Y0 D- @% l, H+ B
D. Deictics
; Q5 e3 o# M4 e& q! n. R) W; m 满分：2 分* p0 \& n2 s. u& |
21. ( ) reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.
/ T' S- A& T! y% U" bA. Exophoric
) a6 t4 Z* E, r% C2 c8 x" c! RB. Anaphoric% m" E. N/ ]% j% v7 o
C. Endophoric. S* I+ |7 e. Y& Z, {; ?. N5 ?
D. Cataphoric
, y# M8 @+ H+ _7 h 满分：2 分1 Z* T1 r0 E$ }, i$ @# w
22. '( ）is a concretisation of the biological and sociological aspects of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language
* U* L* m. m0 i; v( KA. Arbitrariness
7 Y, j" B, Q$ F! n/ }- iB. Genetic-cultural transmission
9 b/ A9 a# |; o; J! Y1 n9 F3 B vC. Non-arbitrariness! s5 M4 e: v4 K& i. O
D. Duality
$ p }; e$ S: X) D; q* Q( D5 `* T 满分：2 分; g; D5 h. e2 d) a: I
23. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.0 t: @( K6 o/ u+ Q# Q
A. Pragmatics
; L* n. E y$ l/ a$ s4 m& h% k) |B. Phonology
) I* a3 P! \4 H" K Y! n1 }C. Dialectology
7 p3 G F8 O! d: aD. Psycholinguistics
4 Z' y) ~4 M0 B4 s- x 满分：2 分
1 S! a Z+ S7 e1 T24. 'The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
: y" j4 f) h4 J; SA. phonetically
2 h6 h R( W6 e4 l) c6 V/ KB. phonologically& g8 f+ c3 E' \9 c6 A
C. sound
' u }. F1 x" cD. seem0 r' F$ y9 \2 b2 _5 M+ M# e
满分：2 分( Y2 h, B5 d: ~+ y
25. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
" z7 T1 O. ~5 ~: ]1 C: x5 D/ FA. Phonetics/ y6 h0 \4 B& _) L/ N+ k3 W
B. Phonology
" ?( h- s6 x `7 f$ ?# j0 sC. Morphology
8 L% ~+ R- |: q- v9 o5 vD. Dialectology3 I& Z3 K* t+ r. z' ^5 d; t& Y& t
满分：2 分/ {+ S6 J) G0 G5 G
! ~+ [4 q& p7 `7 b( B+ N8 I
二、判断题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。）V 1. 'Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
" l p" M5 G7 u" ]A. 错误
" u: n9 ]* ~" X# D0 pB. 正确: ^, C( m( d# B
满分：2 分
( |3 Q7 \/ Y4 H5 s' X6 E7 w2. 'Lingua franca was originally used in Mediterranean commerce in the Middle Ages.9 `$ H7 R( B; `8 ?0 A! a( _# w {
A. 错误) F, m: v2 s- W; b- o) j! S
B. 正确! o& n) b* l4 d7 j0 P
满分：2 分% v* q; D& z- n; `6 Q/ Z5 O
3. Sentence is a unit in semantics and its meaning is formed on the principle of compositionality.
: S% m' c: X/ sA. 错误- I: i1 m7 B& L! x5 U
B. 正确/ u9 y/ W r5 W
满分：2 分3 l4 X& ~! ]5 n
4. 'Transformation rules don't have to follow a set order.4 A' p0 o% m/ r5 @4 D% I
A. 错误: n7 }5 O% P7 k3 @' h6 O$ \6 Q! k
B. 正确7 Q3 h) k2 v) \. p' f$ ?' l
满分：2 分0 s( F0 X7 X8 c1 }* R# n+ G
5. Derivational morpheme may be a free morpheme.
8 x' f1 @2 G; X! k, nA. 错误
0 @2 J2 }3 E" |$ j+ I: \B. 正确; \9 R. N) ]- k
满分：2 分8 {) F3 p1 J" l' J; |- e3 m
6. 'Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group .
- d; l8 A& E# r2 I$ j- `- rA. 错误+ H% b* f9 S- g3 s; r
B. 正确+ U2 t$ }$ m, R. W+ c
满分：2 分2 ~( }0 s6 H0 X9 o e
7. 'Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.
( K; ?$ M& E \9 E' N2 l% `/ ?A. 错误( v3 ^ A. L/ ?5 E! ^6 k G/ t
B. 正确8 h4 w: ~! D' A4 ~
满分：2 分! J# W+ X9 Q' |, @' U# {! Y
8. 'Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds
: j* H' @& U' bA. 错误
, t7 v: Q/ D6 D# Y9 v! yB. 正确
+ t( O: {8 C$ |; T 满分：2 分
* ~! F" w I: X/ Q7 k9. Oral cavity is the place where oral, nasal and nasalised oral sounds are shaped.& `* k9 u% Y7 P [
A. 错误
: ?: t* W: ?! g& r; U2 hB. 正确
+ e) @8 U" R+ g0 F3 P+ u 满分：2 分& A( J/ b$ b: {% R; h4 _4 N$ `
10. Stress refers to the feature that is determined solely by the amplitude of the vibration of the sound-wave.+ Y) r9 i$ `; ~0 r$ Q
A. 错误
- Y" I* I' f1 q$ ~( u' eB. 正确1 r3 m6 t; p" S6 z! E9 }
满分：2 分
/ T2 _% M1 w; r( L; Q11. A language is an isolating language if its morphemes are all bound morphemes2 E5 K) ?% ?4 ]. Z
A. 错误
& U# n$ F# [0 u; J( DB. 正确
: y# ?3 b, H% |0 O$ c. T6 b/ H 满分：2 分8 N4 J* D# s. E. E& X2 \
12. 'English is a tone language.
6 c' K/ H7 r, E$ G* D) h% _A. 错误
9 C# @) Z& B) N7 U, p& |7 _' y! yB. 正确
3 [1 M+ G3 q [& |! V+ k( C 满分：2 分
/ w9 M6 `9 {4 v% O3 n13. Homonymy refers to the linguistic phenomenon that a word may be used in a number of different senses or is said to have a range of different meanings.% F7 v7 w' T* m ]0 v! D' n, P
A. 错误
' V- G) M! D# H! T% JB. 正确
) \; e# N9 l8 ]! B& J: {2 O3 H 满分：2 分. s& X* W: L" W. v2 A; d" t* A; M
14. Inflectional morphology is concerned with the study of inflections of words in language.6 {# k7 {& n: C* O( K4 X
A. 错误( ~; {$ m1 i5 [4 d& R9 l. f& K
B. 正确/ x+ {& b# H: h3 m% p3 {3 { ?
满分：2 分, V2 u; ?2 |% R3 g: V" R, @
15. Diachronic linguistics focuses on a particular phase in its development.
' j4 Q& @6 D5 E: x% oA. 错误
/ A$ P! s0 u+ I5 H5 l6 BB. 正确
8 I, l5 m% n y 满分：2 分
* s/ q" G' k: X h0 `1 J16. 'Cohesionrefers to the linguistic property of units larger than the morpheme to bind together in construction, or the relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text.6 T0 V; Y0 z: X* {0 c1 O
A. 错误
! B( g4 ?& O# U6 J! @" i! WB. 正确
; b+ F" ?1 M& | 满分：2 分5 y( Y! N$ t9 P. C, |* P( b
17. Duality is a concretisation of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.0 j& G2 Z3 E* q, {9 g8 [
A. 错误
! n( y X! X( j2 lB. 正确- N V! ?" p1 C9 c5 t
满分：2 分
* U. k& H) \0 Y1 }0 A. \18. Segmental phonology is concerned with the phonological features (also known as prosodic features) that extend more one segment.4 W5 D2 _0 @' E" } N, m# H
A. 错误
4 u- d1 z9 D8 |7 a9 ]B. 正确
4 d6 r/ ^9 M9 A/ E 满分：2 分* y1 r6 q& N/ j" ]: {$ Y5 C `
19. Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physical point of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.1 s+ A& p4 V2 y1 r x
A. 错误1 h f9 J. a' [% A. b A1 U" R& T, M
B. 正确
, [1 F% o# B9 W/ a 满分：2 分
) x5 }! _3 o$ g8 h5 {20. Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physical point of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission
! P% y' a, g% f, \+ x6 ]A. 错误+ X* J8 c/ z: m/ U' s/ k
B. 正确
4 s- X' E, c) J( y 满分：2 分
6 ~ W) z/ t$ b7 X, M6 ?. w5 G21. Distinctive feature theories use the same set of distinctive features for classifying both consonants and vowels.
! y& c5 D) H) u- W3 z" @4 \6 LA. 错误
# i& v5 l! V2 l; m i9 oB. 正确
+ L1 P4 Y+ \1 ~* v7 n' o3 i 满分：2 分
+ P7 j4 f! \( u, l2 ~5 W7 q" B22. 'Utterance meaning includes not only the relevant sentential meaning(s) but also various meanings determined by the contexts where the utterance takes place.( F9 l$ Q7 E+ _/ F: S- m: `& V
A. 错误2 m3 W; C0 K* o2 D0 [5 a
B. 正确
" L% Q- R) N0 H5 d, I9 ]# w: ] 满分：2 分
0 v3 X; P1 x u, o- q23. 'The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.0 O3 i! v5 _: K& Q! g2 v; D- j
A. 错误; U8 [. d) |, u% o/ p
B. 正确7 f1 @' b3 Y5 X# m7 z
满分：2 分
% J$ Q! x" Q( p ?" D" \24. When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.
4 ]3 L F* u: g; u, ^5 gA. 错误
& M1 @0 x" ^: j L7 Q tB. 正确
( r6 }# v7 f; I: b* ~ 满分：2 分
- f1 f, i/ s6 N( v5 u25. Old speakers are more sensitive to the social significance of the style of their speech, showing their stronger intention to converge to or diverge from the listener.; Y: B3 U( h) a' g7 W# M( |# v
A. 错误+ \, P7 f& ]% H4 ]# b/ e+ l
B. 正确
/ o% n; k* v" k 满分：2 分 |
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